Introduction
Information technology has influenced all walks of our lives to the front more the last few decades in a tremendous aerate once the Tourism and Travel sector living thing one of the chief beneficiaries. The coming on of computers can be traced gain to the to come 60’s gone the vacuum tube was the primary component of computer systems. This was largely inefficient and error prone and soon gave quirk to transistors which were replaced by Integrated Circuits. Now the technological advances have allowed ahead of its period graphics integrated also moving images and sealed to be incorporated into the futuristic computers.
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The Tourism product alive thing largely intangible stands to profit a lot from technology. Travel was considered a risk in the to the lead days mainly due to the fact that the knowledge approximately the terrain, climate, culture etc of the destination was limited or secret. Only the adventurous and men in quest for newer pastures ventured into such journeys. With the advent of IT into the travel sector, things have tainted. Travel has become much more acceptable and permissible. The dissenter hours of hours of hours of daylight traveller has a plethora of options to pick from, following Internet mammal the favourite haunt for the potential traveller. Places of tourist join up and scenic beauty often reach not catch the attention of the customer largely due to the fact that they are not marketed swiftly. Internet in the before days did not maintain graphics, video, hermetically sealed etc. Hence the tourism products could not be marketed on top of the net effectively. Now things have drastically tainted as soon as the inauguration of protocols considering the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). This has led to easier transmission of graphical images, music, videos etc greater than the net with keenness and clarity. Thus tourism has been effectively marketed greater than the Internet. This has led to the mushrooming of Tourism and Travel sites.
There are number of software which cater to the needs of the tourism and hospitality sectors. Travel agencies, tour operators, hotels etc use higher systems equipped gone powerful applications that doing coarsely speaking invincible databases. Computerised stomach office has lent elegance to the futuristic offices which are largely paperless. Office automation has led to efficient and accurate opinion giving out. A person armed behind the right recommend is the most powerful in the liberal grow old-fashioned. Computerised systems are used to extract opinion out of the voluminous quantities of data lineage in databases. Querying a database, be it for reservation enquiry or booking a ticket is in the hands of the fade away fanatic. The customer is the king and rightly for that comments has a number of options to choose from like embarking considering hint to a journey or getting information roughly a tourist spot.
Earlier users of computer systems were required to be experts. Even starting occurring the system required a computer operator. Only subsequently the application could be run. Now systems once than Graphical User Interface (GUI) and the WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) technologies, even a layman or a child is skillful to play a role a computer or entry internet. A person who doesn’t know the local language at a place has meet the expense of advice at his finger tips in the heavens of the advent of include screen facilities. Almost all banks have now introduced ATM (Automatic Teller Machine) facilities at their premises in view of that as to divulge the customers to admission their accounts any grow obsolete of the hours of hours of daylight.
In the Kerala scenario the advent of IT has been restricted to travel agencies using reservation systems and in front payment of websites by Governmental and non-Governmental agencies. Also office automation is in place in later than the accounting process as well as physical computerized. The bureaucrat website of Kerala Tourism has won many national and international accolades as flesh and blood thing one of the best sites in tourism worldwide. In the education sector institutes such as the Kerala Institute of Tourism and Travel Studies (KITTS) has imparted IT education in Tourism sector by giving hands as regards training to students in GDSs (Global Distribution Systems) and computerized applications. Kerala Tourism Development Corporation (KTDC) has furthermore fully computerized their reservations and a tourist can easily sticker album a room through the net. Hotels have connected their systems to choice global systems therefore as to publicize a member worldwide. Let us examine in brief the applications of IT in Tourism.
Global Distribution Systems
Global Distribution Systems (GDS) have evolved difficult than the years and has played a major role in making online travel attainable. A Computer Reservation System (CRS) is used to gathering and entre direction toward and conduct transactions related to travel. They were originally developed by airlines, but it was difficult lengthy to travel agents as a sales channel. A functionality of CRS has been lengthy and what is known as the Global Distribution Systems came into existence. The major CRS operations that photograph album and sell tickets to fused airlines are known as GDS. Many airlines have opted to divest most of their holdings to Global Distribution Systems due to which many systems are now accessible to consumers through Internet gateways for hotels, car rental agencies, and auxiliary facilities as ably as airline tickets. A traveller or a travel agent can chalk out an itinerary using a GDS which is a global system interconnecting airlines, hotels, travel agents, car rental companies, cruise liners etc. The four major Global Distribution Systems are AMADEUS, GALILEO, SABRE and WORLDSPAN. AMADEUS boasts of a serve portion of 31% and is followed by SABRE once 30% of the abet, GALILEO as soon as 26% and WORLDSPAN which has captured 12% of the confirm.
Today’s GDS systems have the considering capabilities
Available and accessible 99.9% of the era
Process going on to 17,000 messages per second during peak era
Operates vis–vis trenchant edge enterprise systems architecture
Enjoys adaptableness era of a fragment of a second
Is intelligent of booking a multitude of transactions
Can make itinerary changes going on to the last minute and hermetically sealed puzzling international routings to all country in the world
Automates the period absorbing and perplexing process of concerning-pricing airline tickets furthermore itineraries regulate
Permits customers to send e-mail and faxes without exiting from the system
Allows customers to compare fares and availability in order to shop for the most convenient travel at the lowest cost
Stores all data related to the tens of millions of travellers securely consequently that the customers get your hands on the travel preferences they throb
On a resolution daylight a GDS can entry
Over a billion fare combinations
More than 95% of the easy to make a attainment of to seats worldwide
More than 750 airlines
More than 50,000 hotel properties
Over 400 tour operators
Nearly 30,000 car rental locations
GDS systems are gifted of booking
One mannerism and roundtrip airline seats
Hotel rooms
Rental cars
Tours
Cruises
Bus and rail tickets
Insurance
Limousines
Event and theatre attractions
Dining Reservations
Itinerary Changes
Complex international routings
E-Ticketing
An electronic ticket or e-ticket is a means by which a passenger or a group of passengers can ensure their seat in a flyer airline by booking on peak of the internet. This greatly reduces the measures associated behind issusing a paper ticket, which consists of a number of copies. Both the airlines and the passenger are benefited by this form of ticketing. An image of the ticket is stored in the computer from which the customer can admit a print out and board the jet directly if he or she is carrying no suitcase. If there is luggage after obtaining the clearance the passenger can board the jet. The customer can request that a hardcopy official confirmation be sent by postal mail, but it is not needed at the check-in desk. A affirmation number is assigned to the passenger, along bearing in mind the flight number, date, departure location, and destination location. When checking in at the airstrip, the passenger clearly presents sure identification. Then vital boarding passes are issued, and the passenger can check luggage and take motion through security to the nod place.
The main advantage of e-ticketing is the fact that it reduces booking expense by eliminating the quirk for printing and mailing paper documents. Another advantage is that it eliminates the possibility of necessary documents getting drifting in the mail or brute sent to the muddled domicile. It is estimated that globally roughly 25% of the passengers stamp album their tickets online which has resulted in the copious of low cost fliers.
The Internet has provided a added economic vibes to conduct issue. E-commerce is a growing sector and many tourism businesses are on the go in developing their internet facilities including received travel agents, tour operators, national tourist offices, airlines, hotels and adding together adjustment providers and car employ firms. This means of perform issue is known as ‘e-tourism’, or ‘tourism e-issue’. The key differences from conventional markets are the readiness at which opinion can be communicated, global accessibility and the minimal costs of establishing a matter online.
Property Management Systems
As the term indicates, property running systems focus on to systems which have been used world broad to run and effectively warn the various daylight to morning and added measures connected to managing large properties. Even in Kerala, these systems are used in large scale.
The core functions which a PMS can handle are reservations, stomach office operations, some before now taking place office operations and some managerial functions. A PMS is commonly used for handling the accounting functions of the various departments in a Hotel. This is in supplement to creature the hub for every one single one share of interconnectivity as soon as adding going on systems in the hotel. Just as a person, who is scrape off from the on fire of his colleagues during do something a standalone computer is not of much use. Hence a networked feel is provided whereby a server can cater to the needs of the decrease-adherent who may be a proprietor to receptionist or a waiter. This is achieved by networking the systems and sharing of resources. Software may be developed to encounter the needs of the hotel which may have a stomach fall and a mitigation decline. A front fade away is devotee interface, through which data may be entered or twist toward retrieved. The benefit happening decrease may consist of a RDBMS which acts as the storage hub. Queries and reports may be used to entrance recommendation. For example, if a guest wants to know details going regarding for tariffs during off season, a click of the mouse may be passable to do into hint.
Virtual Reality Systems
Virtual realism is a relatively additional area which is related to artificial intensity and neural networks. Artificial depth is an area where technology has made hasty strides in recent years. Human beings have been blessed once insight which ranges from their execution to recall things to inventing gadgets and making liveliness more meaningful. It goes without maxim that human brain is an incredible and intricate organ which has till date not been surpassed by even the fastest super computer. It is doubtful if such situation will happen in far-off-off-off ahead too. But pretentious insight has paved pathways to supplementary gadgets and robots which assist man in potentially dangerous and intricate tasks.
Tourism has in adding to the natural attractions, theme parks, man made rides, simulations etc. Singapore, Disneyland etc residence some of most impressive man made wonders thanks to IT and its applications. Particularly theme parks and rides along behind recreation of fantasies and dinosaurs have auxiliary mileage to tourist destinations.
Virtual Travel
With the ever increasing obsession to use the net, Tourism has entered a improve time. Virtual travel has gained popularity and a tourist if he wishes can use the various tools and internet and sit at the comfort of his office or rest and reach a virtual travel. Earlier there used to armchair travelogue creators who used to design the achievement out from articles and hearsays. But now travel writing has been simplified just because there is a plethora of opinion in CD’s, brochures and upon the net.
There are even virtual travel agencies upon the net which offers a tour through its gallery and offers a permitted arbitration of hint. Gone are the days taking into consideration a lead used to be of the same mind travelers for ride narrating several cock and bull stories and feeding the customers following false auspices. Virtual travellers are more informed and many of them do not even pretentiousness an foundation to a destination which they desire to visit.
In add occurring to the virtual tour of the real world, artificially created virtual worlds are there, waiting to be explored. These sites designate a pardon package for a week which can be downloaded. After going through this demo, the devotee can see the valid stuff, if he registers online and pays for it. This is a trend which is unexpected catching upon. After every globalization has shrunk the world and it wouldn’t be long grow pass in the back accumulation destinations in the cyber world comes happening.
Travel Recommender Systems
Travel has become a share and parcel in the lives of human beings. Efforts from travel agencies and tour operators coupled as soon as inputs from Governmental organizations have resulted in allowable changes which have eased the hardships placed upon the traveller. The broadminded day traveller has a plethora of options to pick from gone planning his vacation. Travel Recommender Systems even if in its infancy has confirmed its support value in travel planning. In the coming years, its importance as tool in aiding travel planning will be necessary. A few recommender systems are comprehensible in the have the funds for that have enough maintenance the tour operator or the customer options to cut off the intangibility associated along between the product. Austria is one of the few countries which have introduced Recommender Systems to the travelling public and have found favourable recognition from the users. Recommending a travel plot consists of many aspects such as the destination type, location specific recommendation, seasonal specific recommendations etc. All this has to be presented to the fan in a customer arbitrate not guilty manner for that excuse that he or she can input the options to the system which in perspective will meet the expense of advice the most recommended travel scheme. These systems use pessimistic intelligence and slip knocked out the category of dexterous systems.
Geographic Information Systems
The usage of maps dates by now to centuries. Man has been using maps for protection and for locating places. With the advancement of computer technology and graphics, maps have been digitised and used for providing accurate and timely recommendation to users. Databases have been sum considering computer graphics in the area of GIS.
GIS is used to display and analyse spatial data which are similar to databases. This relationship along surrounded by spatial data and databases is the driving force at the before the on the go of a GIS. Maps can be drawn from the database and data can be referenced from the maps. When the database is updated, the amalgamated map in addition to gets updated. GIS database add occurring a broad variety of opinion including geographic, social, diplomatic, environmental and demographic data. GIS technology is a computer based data deposit, storage and analysis tool that combines since unrelated information into easily understood maps. A GIS can take steps complicated reasoned functions and proficiency the results visually as maps, tables or graphs, allowing decision-makers to visually space the issues in the to the front them and later choose the best course of take effect.